Low Latency webcasting with Windows Media and Siverlight

benwaggoner — Sun, 22 Jun 2008 05:25:00 GMT

So, Streaming Media is doing a special "Europe edition" of Streaming Media, and I'm doing an article about webcasting for it. I've getting a bunch of questions about how to deliver low-latency live streaming to Silverlight, and so with their permission, I'm excerpting this section on that topic.

EDIT: A correction was made; turning off Fast Cache in Windows Media Services does not have any effect on webcasting latency.

While by default, Windows Media can offer 15-20 second end-to-end delay, it's possible to drive it down to 2-3 seconds with best practices on a good network, and we're looking at what we can do to push it to below even that. The critical thing is to tune the encoder, server, and player latency together.

There's an older but more detailed "Reducing Broadcast Delay" document on this topic over at the Windows Media portal that may be worth perusing.

Low Latency Webcasting

Latency is the measure of how much time goes between when video enters the encoder and leave the user display. Latency is something that doesn’t matter at all in some markets, and matters a lot in others.

The reason we have latency is buffering, and the reason we have buffering is for quality and reliability. By having the server wait several seconds after a video stream is received before sending it out, it’s able to support more peaks and valleys in the data rate, and makes it possible for a dropped packet to be detected and resent before its needed. In the same way, buffering in the player lets it average out data rates and recover dropped packets as well.

Large buffers were extremely important in the modem era, and are still useful in many kinds of networks today. The defaults are good for delivering high quality content over a variety of networks. But when minimizing the latency is important, and reliable networks are available, the end to end delay can be reduced substantially.

Since total end-to-end latency is the sum of the encoder latency, server latency, and player latency, plus how long it takes the packets to travel between each of those, improving latency requires tweaks to the encoder, server, and player in parallel.

Encoder

On the encoder side, reducing buffer size reduces startup latency. WME and Expression Encoder both enable you to go down to one second.. Using Lookahead or Lookahead Rate Control will increase latency beyond the buffer value (typically about another half a second for LRC).

For audio, Windows Media includes the “WMA Low Delay” audio codecs from 192-64 Kbps which provide lower latency than the normal WMA modes. If you’re targeting Silverlight 1.0 or WMP 10 or earlier, you’ll want to use that for low latency. If you can require WMP 11 or Silverlight 2, you can use the lower delay yet WMA 10 Pro codec at 32-96 Kbps.

Server

WMS features like Advanced Fast Start can dramatically reduce latency for on-demand content, but don’t apply to live webcasting as the server has to wait for content to arrive from the encoder it in real time, and so can only play out at real time.

Server buffering can be turned off entirely in WMS for Windows Server 2003 and 2008, yielding a significant drop in latency.

EDIT:

The previous version of this post suggested that turning off Fast Cache would help webcasting latency. On further research, this turns out not to be the case. Disabling Fast Cache will slow down on-demand startup time, but will have no effect one way or the other for live content.

Player

Normally the player isn’t under control of the streamer. By default WMP dynamically picks an optimum buffer size based on its measurements of network and stream performance. However, it’s possible to lower the buffer size in the player’s options. This can help reduce latency when watching streams with a good connection, but could produce pauses in the video when watching video from the general Internet.

Silverlight makes the player buffer size a controllable parameter, so an optimal setting can be applied for the content, and even adjusted on the fly. This is controlled by the BufferingTime parameter in a Silverlight MediaElement.

How To: Encode Zune Videos for Free

Larry — Wed, 09 Jan 2008 22:54:00 GMT

I know some of you probably got a Zune for the holidays and there are a lot of great programs now that will encode your videos for a variety of portable media players. I've used many many of these applications in the last year or so, some of them free, some not so free. But when it comes down to it, for the Zune it is hard to beat the free Windows Media Encoder 9. What sets WME apart from many of the other applications I've tried can be seen in the photo at left; WME will suck up all the cores you want to throw at it, meaning I can encode in a fraction of the time of some of the other products I've used.

Once you get WME installed, run it from Start > Windows Media > Windows Media.

Go ahead and click New Session, then select Custom Session and OK.
This will put you in the Session Properties box, in the "Source from" section, you want to choose File.
Now click that browse button right under it and select the file you want to encode.
Go back to the top and click the "Output" tab, uncheck "Pull from encoder' and select "Encode to file", picking the name and location to put it (probably your [username]\Videos directory).
Now click the Compression tab, change the "Destination" dropdown to "File download (computer playback)", change "Video" dropdown to "DVD quality video (1Mbps VBR)", and change the "Audio" dropdown to "CD quality audio CBR".
If you want to spend video quality on being able to put more videos on your Zune, you can click the edit button to the right of Destination and lower your bit rates, change size to 320x240, and audio to 128k.
Click Apply, click "Start Encoding", then sit back and watch it fly through your video.

Entries tagged with windows media encoder - Channel 10

Low Latency webcasting with Windows Media and Siverlight

Low Latency Webcasting

Encoder

Server

EDIT:

Player

How To: Encode Zune Videos for Free